Process of making carbid or carbid-containing electrodes.



HENRY srnuonn orientations, or MOUNT VERli-ON, NEW roan.

PROCESS OF MAKING GARBID 0B GfiRBZD-CQNTAlNING ELEGE IRQDES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented s in a, 1909.

original connection mes April 11, race, Serial No. 311,162. Divided and this application and April 23, 1am.

Serial No. 369,756,

, To all whom it may concern:

Be it knownthat I, Helen r SPENCER BLACKMQRE, a citizen of the United States,

residing at 'lhlo'unt Vernon, in the county of Westchcster and Sta of. New York,'havc invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Carbid or {Jan bid-Containing Electrodcs,- of which the fol-' lowing is a specification, being a division from application Serial No. 311,162, filed A ril 1 1906.

' My invention relates to a new process of I making electrodesfor electrical, electrochemical, metallurgical, or other purposes, contammg a metal carbid, and consists 01' an electro-conductive or metal carbid and a binder, such. as carbon.

In prior art it hasbeen the custom'when electrodes of metal carbids have been desired, to employ the carbid in mass such as would be obtained by taking a piece of cal- 1111.11 car-bid and forming or manufacturing fro m -mo lten carbid; they are ery apt to crack, split,.or break, for the reason that they cannot be readily annealed. I prefer, however, to make-the electrodes by crushing or pulverizing the carbid and mixing the same with a substance capable of yielding carbon by dissociation hy-the action of heat. These electrodes 1 ve theladvantage when employcd'in electroc emical or metallurgical or smelting operations, oi retaining their mass-continuity while being superficially acted u on by ingredients communicating therewith when employed as electrodes without crumbling or otherwise interiorly disint'e rating. r in producing an electrode of calcium carbid by my process I refer to take the pulverized calcium carbig and mix it with-a hydrocarbon or substance containing-the same, such'as pulverized bituminous coal, in pro- ,Ortion of about eighty parts of calcium carid to twent parts of powdered bituminous coal I find it is preferable to to mixture about five parts of anhydrous coal tar or pitch which has been deprived of the lighter hydrocarbons. This mixture is then heated and thoroughly incorporated and pressed in forms or molds or otherwise shaped in any convenient manner. They are then embedded in granulated carbon or frittered magnesium oxid and placed in retortsor other receptacles and heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to a bright red heat for from forty-eight to seventy-two hours whichresults in the fusion, in part, and dissociation of the hydrocarbon content, evolving hydrogen and light hydrocarbons and leaving'thepa-rticles of carbid bound together by the carbon residue from the dissociated hydrocarbon. When the electrodes-are properly baked they are allowed to cool and removed lrom'the retort or containers in which they have been baked and the carbid is thus found to be bound togetherand'superficiaily protected by the surrounding and communicating carbonaceous or carbonized binder. If the electrode has become very porous by reason of the gases evolved by too rapidly heating the same during the baking period, its porosity may be largely overcome by gradually heating the electrode, and in its heated condition, submerging it in liquefied anhydrous pitch and allowing it to cool therein, whereu on the liquid pitch is drawn into the pores oi the electrode on cooling-and by removing and again gradually baking. the electrode;

thus saturated with itch at. low red heat for a few hours in a n0n-oxidizing atmosphere, an electrode considerable tenacity and impervious consistency may be produced.

Ether metal, carbids and other carbonyielding compounds may be employed to produce composite car-bid electrodes of the character aforementioned without departing from the spirit of my invention, such as carbids of aluminium, barium, thorium, titanium, uranium, zirconium, etc, and other hydrocarbon carbon-yielding binders may be employed] The term "elcctro-conductive, as employed herein with reference to the character of the carbid content of the electrode, re lates to carbidaof comparatively low electrical resistance in contradistinction from certain nonmetaliic carbids ,such as silicon cars bid, whieh may beso highly resistant as to .be' -pract1cally considerednon-conductors of electricity within reasonable bounds.

Having thus fully described my invention, 5 what Lclaim and desire to, secure by Letters Patent is,-.--

1'. The process of making a composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixingan electro conductive car-bid with a solid hydrocarbon carbon-yielding compound and ex posing the composition to the action of. heat suflicient to dissociate the carbon-yielding substance.

bid electrode, which consists in mixing an electro conductlve carbid with a solid hydrocaibonaceous substance containing a carbonyielding compound, subwctmg the mixture same, and-then exposing. the composition, in

a non-oxidizing atmosphere, tothe action of heat sufficient to dissociate the carbons yielding substance. i

. 3. The process ofmaking a composite car bid electrode, whichcon'sists in mixing a metal carbid with a solid hydrocarbon carbon yielding compoundand exposing the com osition'to the action of heat suiiicient' bid electrode, which consists in mixing calciumcarbid with a solid hydrocarbon carbonyielding compound and exposing the composition to the action of heat sufficient-to dis sociatethe carbon-yielding substance.

7. The process of making acomp'osite carbid electrode, which consists in'mixing calcium carbidwith' a solid hydrocarbonaceoussubstance containing a carbon-yielding compound and exposing the composition to the action of heat sufficient to dissociate the carbon-yielding substance.

8. The process of making a composite carbid electrode,'which consists in mixing cal cium carbid with bituminous coal and exposingthe composition to the action' of heat sufficient to dissociate the carbon-yielding substance.

9. The process of making a composi car- 2. The process fmaking a composite carto pressure sufficient to form or shape the action of heat sufiicient to dissociate the carto dissociate the carbon-yielding substance.-

I 6. The process' of making a composite carbid electrode, which consists in intimately associating calcium carbid with bituminous coal and anhydrous coal tar, and exposing the mixture to the action of. heat sutficient to dissociate the carbon-yielding substance.

10. The process 'of makings composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixing calcium carbid with a substance containing asolid hydrocarboncarbon-yielding com' pound, subjecting the mixture to pressure suiiicient'to form or shape the same, and then exposing the composition, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, to the actionlof'heat sufficient to dissociate the carbon-yielding substance.

11. The "process of making a composite carbid electrodej which consists-in mixing a carbid with. a solid hydrocarbonaceous binderand exposing the composition to the action of. hea

12. The process of making a compositecarbiti electrode, which consists mixing a metal icar'bid with a solid hydrocarbonaceous binder and exposing the compositionto thev action of heat. I

13. The process of. making a composite carbid' electrode, which consists in mixing calcium carbid with a solidhydrocarbonaceous binder and exposing the composition to the action of hea z 14. The process of making a composite carbid electrode, wh-ich'consists in mixing a carbid with a solid hydrocarbon carbonyielding substance and exposing the composition to the action ofheat.

15. The process of making a composite 100,.

' carbid electrode, which consists in mixing a metal carbid' with a solid hydrocarbon carbon-yielding substance and exposing the composition to'the action of heat.v

16. The process of-niaking a composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixing calcium .carbid -with a solid hydrocarbon carbon yieldingsubstance and exposing the composition tothe action of heat; y n

17. Theproeessof; making a composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixing a 'carbid with a solid hydrocarbon carbonaceous substance and exposing the composition to the action of heat. i a o 18. Theprocess of making a composite carbid' electrode, which consists in mixing a metal carbi'd with a solid hydrocarbon carbonaceous substance, and exposing the composition'tothe actioniof heat. Y

19. The process .of; making a composite carbid electrode, whi'oh conslsts in mixing calcium carbid with a solid hydrocarbon carbonaceous substance and exposing thecomposition to' theactionof he'at.

20. The process of making-a composite carbidelectrode, which consists in.mixin'g a carbid with a solid hydrocarbon and expos 'ing the composition to the action offbeat.

21. The process. of.making a composite carbid electrode, whichconsists a '130 metal carbid with a solid hydrocarbon and 1ixposing the vcomposition to the action of eat. V

22. The process of-making a composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixing calcium carbid' with a solid hydrocarbon, and exposing the composition to the action of heat. 1 23. The process of making a composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixing a carbid with bituminous coal and exposing composition to the action of heat.

24. The process of making a composite carioid electrode, which consists in mixing a metal carbid with bituminous. coal and exposing the composition to the actionof heat.

25. The process of making a composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixing calcium carbid with bituminous coal and exposing the .c'ompositionto the action of heat.

26'. The process of, making a composite carbid electrode,'which consists in mixing a' .carbid with bituminous coal and anhydrous coal tar, and'exposing the composition to the action of heat.

27. The process of making a composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixing a metal carbid withbituminous coal and an hydrous coal tar and subjecting the compo sition' to'the action of heat.

28. The process of making a. composite hydrocarbon, and again subjecting it to the action of heat.

30. The process of making composite carbid electrode, which consists in m1xing a metal carbid with a solid hydrocarbon binder,

exposing the composition to the action of heat, saturating the heated electrode with fluid hydrocarbon and again subjecting it to the action of heat.

31. The process of making a composite carbid electrode, which consists in mixin calciumcarbid with a solid hydrocarbon binder, exposing the composition to the action of heat, saturating the heated electrode with fluid hydrocarbon, and again subjecting it to the action of heat.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

HENRY SPENCER BLAOKMORE. \vitnesses .E. M. HoLMEs, J. R. NOTTINGHA 

